Sociological Studies of Youth Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 38, Summer 2020

Renovation and modernization can lead to changes in various fields, including material and immaterial values of the family. The process of cultural modernization has also brought about changes in the socio-cultural context of societies that have led to changes in family values. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the effect of cultural modernization on family values among high school students in Bushehr.    The research method was survey and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes Bushehr high school students, which is 14420 people. The cluster sampling method is multi-stage and the sample size is 384 according to the Cochran formula. The findings show that the average of cultural modernization as well as the index of changes in the value of the family conductor is more than average and it represents a near modern attitude toward family values in Bushehr. There is a positive and direct correlation between the level of cultural modernization and family values. That is, the greater the cultural  renewal, the change  in the value of  the family  increases, and, conversely, the less the cultural  modernization, the change in the value of the family decreases. It can also be seen that there is a positive and direct relationship between the five components of cultural modernization with the material values and the immaterial values of the family.

Gender is considered a sociological construct and investigating the role of gender in foreign language learning contexts is highly important due to the effects of sociological factors in learning. Therefore, the present study set out to explore the sociological effects of peer and teacher scaffolding through the process approach in a technology-enhanced environment on the vocabulary learning of male and female EFL learners. The participants of the study were 120 EFL learners at the intermediate level of language proficiency who were selected out of 170 learners based on their performance on the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The selected 120 learners were divided into three groups consisting of both male and female learners. The three groups were then given a vocabulary pretest. Then, treatment was carried out via Telegram in line with the tenets of process approach as explicated by Nation (2001) including the three stages of noticing, retrieval and generation. It should be noted that the treatment in both peer and teacher scaffolding groups was done based on Nation’s three stages. The difference was that scaffolding in peer scaffolding group was carried out by peers while scaffolding in teacher scaffolding group was conducted by teacher. Concerning the control group, the conventional instruction of vocabulary was followed via providing the learners with example sentences and also vocabulary exercises, and no specific steps were followed for providing the participants with peer or teacher scaffolding via a process approach. After finishing treatment, the three groups were given the vocabulary posttest. The results indicated that both teacher and peer scaffolding significantly affected learners’ vocabulary improvement irrespective of gender.

This paper tries to examine the effects of Internet on educational opportunity. Internet, as the most useful technology of modern times which helps us not only in our daily lives but also in professional lives. For educational purposes, it is widely used to gather information and to do research or add to the knowledge of various subjects.  The theoretical framework considered with some theories like information society. This is a survey –method research based on questionnaires. The study area, Tavanir, in the central part Tehran. For this purpose, 380 students of the study area have been examined based on Cochran`s formula who was selected through classified random sampling. Having gathered the data, SPSS software is used for data processing .The findings show that the significant relationship exists between Internet and educational opportunity`s indexes like, increase of awareness, virtual and online education and educational services. It means that Internet has direct impact on educational opportunities.

One of the consequences of the new era threatening the cultural health of societies is the prevalence of deviant behaviors among young people. Young people today are more exposed to the use of new media and modern media culture, and this has significant effects on their behavior. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the amount and type of social media use with the tendency of Tabriz youth to deviant behaviors. The research method was survey and the data collection tool were a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of youth (35-38 years old) was the city of Tabriz, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran included 209754 people. A total of 384 individuals were selected based on Cochran's formula by cluster sampling. The results showed that there is a relationship between the use of social media and the tendency of young people to sexual anomalies, vandalism and theft. Also, the tendency of young people to vandalism and sexual anomalies varied according to the type of social media use. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to prevent and control social harms affected by the use of social networks.

Difference and diversity are phenomena existing from the very first days human communities have been formed. Under such condition, what provides for necessity of coexistence between different individuals and groups to become possible is tolerance. On the other hand, wide range development in terms of communication and providing information are going on in today’s world. This evolution called by many as revolutionary evolution in the field of communication and a starting point to a new paradigm in the life of today’s communities. The most important and obvious product of it is the internet and virtual social media. Meanwhile, political and cultural effects and consequences of such technologies especially virtual social networks also have found importance. So, the question asked in present study is related to one of the indicators of healthy social, political, and cultural life and effect of virtual social networks on it: “How using virtual social networks affect on the level of social tolerance in four religious, political, ethnical, and moral dimensions among Tehran citizens?” Statistical population of the research includes youths residing in Tehran. According to Chochran’s formula and with highest variance, sample size has been included 400 persons. Using multistage and random systematic sampling methods, statistical population has been specified; and, after verification of validity and reliability of the questionnaire, data have been collected through survey and then analyzed. According to the findings, variables of social dialogue, managing usage made of the network, and level of usage made of networks separately affect on dependent research variable. So, it can be concluded that cyberspace and social networks provide the opportunity for communication and dialogue as an appropriate mechanism to strengthen cultural, social, and political bonds among subcultures and different groups in society. Hence, tolerance among them would be promoted.

Since determination of factors influencieng childbearing delay can provide convenient approaches to prevent fertility decline, nowadays studying this issue is an important issue for demographers and it is also emphasized by planners and politicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors influencing first birth interval among 458, young Iranian married women in Tehran province. In this cross sectional study, stratified random sampling was used to collect data of a structured questioner in 2017. Women’s first birth interval was compared in confronting some demographic, socioeconomic and attitudinal factors by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Log-Rank test as non-parametric survival analysis tools. The mean of women’s first birth interval was 3.33±2.67 years with a median of 3.00 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates were significantly different between levels of women’s and their husband’s educational level, activity, and post materialism factor (p-value<0.05). Women with university education and who had husbands with university educational level had the largest first birth interval among all other educational levels. Employed women had longer first birth interval than unemployed ones. Women lived with employed husband had shorter first birth interval. High post materialism women had the largest first birth interval.

Electoral participation is one of the important pillars of any country's development. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of the effect of social justice on electoral participation. For this purpose, Inglehart and Milbrath theories were used as a theoretical framework. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included young people aged 15 to 40 in the cities of Mazandaran province. Multi-stage cluster sampling method and sample size based on Cochran's formula is 384 people. The measuring instrument has formal validity and the Cronbach's alpha value of the independent variable is 0.82 and the dependent variable is 0.77, indicating that the correlation and internal alignment between the items related to the variables is appropriate and acceptable. The results show that the average turnout is above average, equal to 2.34. There is a positive and direct relationship between social justice and the level of electoral participation with a correlation of 0.522. Electoral participation will increase if social justice is increased. We can also see a positive relationship between the components of social justice and electoral participation. Among the dimensions of social justice, the dimension of distributive justice has the highest correlation with electoral participation. Regression analysis shows that 27.4% of changes in political participation depend on social justice. In order to increase electoral participation in society, more attention should be paid to social justice and raising its indicators and components, especially distributive justice.

Until now, only income factors were considered for empowerment. But in contemporary times, most nonprofit and non-advocacy approaches, such as social capital and its components, have been taken into consideration. The World Bank has identified social capital as one of the pillars of the empowerment process. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of social capital and its components on the empowerment of young female head of household. The present study was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of young female headed households who are resident in Bojnurd city in 2019 and are covered by the Welfare Organization. The sample size of the study was 106 people. A random sampling method was used to select the sample size based on the list of households covered by the Welfare Organization of North Khorasan Province. The results of the comparison of the means show a significant difference between the mean components of social capital in the statistical population under study. The F test shows that there is no significant difference between the ethnicity of women head of household and social capital and their empowerment level. Also, there is a positive and direct relationship between social capital and the empowerment of young female headed households. From the components of social capital, a significant relationship between social cohesion, social security and social trust with the empowerment of young female head of household has been confirmed. The strongest relationship is social trust with empowerment. Young female headed households are more vulnerable to social networking and social security network components; therefore, efforts to improve the components of social capital can be an effective way to empower women headed by households.